Development of an ICT-based layer model for improving managerial decision making on water issues in arid and semi-arid regions

Fresh water is an essential element for human survival and land-based life forms. Right quantity and quality of fresh water is a fundamental element for human continued existence and land-based life forms. About 97% of earth water is salt water and from remaining 3% only 0.4% fresh water is available for human use. Many countries of the world are facing problem of inadequate drinking water supply, management of wastewater and basic sanitation. About more than one billion peoples did not have access to the safe water and two billions are lack of safe sanitation. This is a constant challenge for several regions of the world. Effective water management is very important to overcome the water problems. Nevertheless, with the use of Information & communication technology (ICT) techniques, this situation can be improved. In this research paper we have discussed the essential factors that effects on different water issues in arid and semi-arid resigns, moreover these water problems are classified into structured, semi-structures and unstructured. To improve the managerial decision making on water challenges; we also have proposed an ICT based layer model with consideration on operations, operational management, tactical management and strategic management. Keywords-Water challenges, managerial decision making, operational management, tactical management, strategic management, layer model.